References
References are indicated in the text by the Harvard (name and date) system: Either “Recent work (Smith 1970)” or “Recently Smith (1970) has found.” All such references should then be listed in alphabetical order at the end of the paper in accordance with the following conventions:
1. Books
surname, forename and/or initials, (year of publication), title, place of publication: publisher, e.g. Baker, Michael J. and Hart, Susan J. (1989), Marketing and Competitive Success, Hemel Hempstead: Philip Allen.
2. Journal Articles
surname, forename and/or initials, (year) “title”, journal name, vol, issue, pages, e.g. O’Malley, L. and Tynan, C. (1999), “The Utility of the Relationship Metaphor in Consumer Markets: A Critical Evaluation”, Journal of Marketing Management, Vol. 15, No. 7, pp. 587-602.
If there is more than one author, list surnames followed by forename and/or initials. All authors should be listed.
3. Contributions in books, proceedings, etc.
surname, forename and/or initials, (year), “title”, ‘In:’, editor’s surname and/or initials, book title, place of publication: publisher, pages, e.g. Doyle, Peter (1990), “Managing the Marketing Mix”. In: Baker, Michael J, ed., The Marketing Book 2nd Edition, London: Heinemann Ltd., pp. 227-267.
4. Websites / Online resources.
Author/Editor surname, forename and/or initials, (year), “title”[online], place of publication: publisher. Available at: URL, [accessed date] e.g. Baker, Michael J. (1998), “Individual Branding”, Westburn Dictionary of Marketing [online], Helensburgh: Westburn Publishers Ltd. Available at: http://www.westburn.co.uk/tmd/searchDetails.cfm?PageNum_Record=1809, [Accessed 14th February 2006].
USE OF ET AL.
Et al. should be used consistently; for example references to works by 3 authors may give all 3 names at every occurrence or may give them in full the first time and then the first author plus et al. With 3-5 authors, the decision whether to use et al. may depend on whether there is another group with the same first author and the same date, which could be confused. Where several references are cited together in the text they may be placed in chronological order or alphabetical order, or in order of importance, but one system should be used consistently throughout.
AUTHOR SURNAME
In the references, author names(s) should be entered in full for each entry. Please do not use a line to indicate the repetition of author names between entries.